Ruete, Listing, Donders, Helmholtz, von Graefe, Volkmann and many others have provided the broad outline of an answer to the question how the eye rotates during eye movements.
Introduced by Franciscus Donders, the reduced eye model replaces the several refracting bodies of the eye (the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor) are replaced by an ideal air/water interface surface that is located 20 mm from a model retina.
Donders | James Franciscus | Franciscus Donders | Franciscus Sylvius | Franciscus van den Enden | Franciscus Quaresmius | Franciscus Patricius | Franciscus Haraeus | Franciscus Gomarus |