In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine.
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Barcodes made it possible for any object that was to be sold or transported to have some computer readable information securely attached to it.
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The earliest use of paper to store instructions for a machine was the work of Basile Bouchon who, in 1725, used punched paper rolls to control textile looms.
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