X-Nico

36 unusual facts about Poland


Alfred W. Benson

Born in Poland, Chautauqua County, New York, he moved to Jamestown, New York in 1860, and attended Jamestown and Randolph Academies.

Aniela Cukier

Her landscapes with views of Kazimierz Dolny, Wisniow, and Puck dominated her output and became popular, with some translated to woodcuts.

Bukowo, Szczecin

Bukowo is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town, south of the town of Police.

Bydgoszcz Voivodeship

Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946-1975 was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1946–1975.

Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Straße

Apart from being very close to the Oder river and the border crossing to Słubice, Poland, Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Straße is home to part of the Viadrina Museum in the Junker house and Museum for Junge Kunst.

Częstochowa Voivodeship

Though most of the current territory of the former Częstochowa Voivodeship belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship, it historically is part of Lesser Poland, apart from western areas, around Lubliniec and Olesno.

Elections in Poland

The 1997 Constitution and the changed administrative divisions of 1999 required a revision of the electoral system, which was passed in April 2001.

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Poland has a long history of elections dating several centuries, including the elections to Sejm from 1182 and the elective monarchy from 1569 to 1795.

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The Senate (Senat) has 100 members elected for a four-year term via the first past-the-post system, with 100 single member constituencies.

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The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; the majority of these were by candidates supported by Solidarity.

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He abdicated in 1795 after the partitions of Poland ended the existence of sovereign state of Poland for 123 years.

Gdańsk Voivodeship

The name Gdańsk Voivodeship has been used twice to designate local governments in Poland.

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Gdańsk Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–98, superseded by Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Human rights in Poland

Human rights in Poland are guaranteed by the second chapter of the Constitution of Poland.

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A 2010 report by United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor noted that "Poland's government generally respects the human rights of its citizens"; it did however note problems, mainly police misconduct, lengthy pretrial detention, laws that restricted free speech (although rarely enforced), corruption in the government and society.

Independent Students' Union

On November 25, students of Warsaw's School of Fire Service Officers went on strike to protest their college's being subjected directly to the Ministry of Interior and Administration instead of the Higher Education Bill.

IS-4 Jastrząb

The IS-4 Jastrząb (Instytut Szybownictwa – gliding institute) was a single-seat aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland from 1949.

Isidor Barndt

Archpriest Isidor Barndt (1816-1891), a poet and world traveler from Neisse, Germany, a town in the former state of Silesia, now Nysa, Poland, promoted reunionism and wrote about similarities in faiths in order to overcome splits between Protestants and Catholics in late 19th century Germany.

Kamnica

Kamnica, Poland, a village in the Miastko district of Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kazimierz Boratyński

Kazimierz Boratyński (born July 30, 1906 in Gródek - December 8, 1991 in Wrocław) was a Polish chemist.

Kazimierz Tyszka

Kazimierz Tyszka (1872 Kalisz, Poland – 1952 London, UK) was the Polish Minister of Railways from 1923-25 under Władysław Grabski's government.

Kokot

Kokot, Poland, a village in Gmina Kije, Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland

Left and Democrats

Although the coalition was initially conceived as a temporary electoral alliance for the 2006 local elections, cooperation between the parties continued, and on January 18, 2007, a Political Negotiating Committee headed by former Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski was created, for the purpose of clarifying a common centre-left political program.

Lubusz Voivodeship

By conquest the first leaders of the Polans, Mieszko I and especially Boleslaw I added a number of surrounding territories to the newly established core Polish state, and Lebus Land or Lubusz in Lusatia came under Polish rule.

Ludwik Sitowski

Ludwik Sitowski (born 1880 - 1947) was a Polish zoologist.

Mil Mi-3

It is also a Russian designation for the Polish-Soviet co-operation on larger helicopters based on the Mi-2 that could replace the Mi-4 from 1971.

Nestlé Waters North America

Poland Spring water is derived from multiple sources in the state of Maine, including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, and White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation.

Poland Spring

Despite the name, the water does not come from the country of Poland but from derived multiple sources in the state of Maine, including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, and White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation, Bradbury Spring in Kingfield.

Politics of Poland

The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms.

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The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces and has the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, but otherwise has a mostly representative role.

Setnica

Setnica, Poland, a settlement in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

Skolwin

Skolwin is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town, and Middle Town, south of the town of Police.

Słupsk Voivodeship

was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship (1945–50) and Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–75), superseded (since 1999) by Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Sławno County).

Stanisław Rehman

Stanisław Rehman (1838–1899), was a city councillor in Kraków, Poland.

Urząd Ochrony Państwa

The UOP replaced the communist-era Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB), I Departament People's Republic of Poland Ministry of Internal Affairs - intelligence, II Departament People's Republic of Poland Ministry of Internal Affairs - counter-intelligence, whose responsibilities had additionally included the suppression of opposition to the government prior to 1989.

Yaakov Banai

Yaakov Banai (Tunkel) was born on March 20, 1920 in Baranovichi, Poland.


1928 Summer Olympics

Halina Konopacka of Poland became the first female Olympic track and field champion.

2012 Men's Junior European Volleyball Championship

The 2012 Men's Junior European Volleyball Championship is being held in Gdynia, Poland and Randers, Denmark from August 24 to September 2, 2012.

Ariel Jakubowski

Ariel Jakubowski (born September 7, 1977 in Człuchów) is a Polish footballer who currently plays for Polish side Wisła Płock.

ASELSAN

After exportation of such a system to Oman in 2008 for the Qurayyat-Sur motorway, Aselsan won in 2010 a tender worth € 5.4 million to develop an electronic toll collection system and implement at 51 toll booths in Poland.

Augustus III of Poland

He spent less than three years of his thirty-year reign in Poland, where political feuding between the House of Czartoryski and the Potocki paralysed the Sejm (Liberum Veto), fostering internal political anarchy and weakening the Commonwealth.

Austeria

Austeria (aka The Inn) is a Polish feature film directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz, produced by Zespół Filmowy "Kadr" and released in 1983.

Baltic pipeline

Baltic Pipe, a planned gas pipeline between Denmark and Poland

Bodzanowo

Bodzanowo, Gmina Lubraniec in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Bogatynia

Today Bogatynia is one of the richest towns per capita in Poland, due to its two principal enterprises: the Turów Coal Mine, a large open-pit on the grounds of the former Rybarzowice village (Reibersdorf), and the associated thermal power station, Elektrownia Turów, operated by the Polska Grupa Energetyczna, the third-largest of the country.

Bukownica

Bukownica, Gostyń County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Byszewo

Byszewo, Kołobrzeg County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

CD Mirandés

Additionally, it also held other sporting events, most notably the under-21 match between Spain and Poland in 2006 (0–1).

Czołowo

Czołowo, Poznań County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

David Coffin

Coffin comes from a musical background: His father, Rev. William Sloane Coffin, studied to be a concert pianist with Nadia Boulanger in Paris, his grandfather was pianist Arthur Rubinstein, and his great-grandfather was Polish conductor Emil Mlynarski.

Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus

Von Tschirnhaus was born in Kieslingswalde (now Sławnikowice in western Poland) and died in Dresden, Saxony.

Flight 16

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, a 2011 belly-landing of a Boeing 767-300ER in Warsaw, Poland

Gabriele Oriali

He was also part of the team that defeated the strong teams of Argentina and Brazil, and defeated Poland in the semi-final.

Gołkowo

Gółkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Interoute

Interoute's offices: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, plus a Network Operations Centre in Sofia and a Customer Service Centre in Prague and Luleå.

Jacob's Rescue

Jacob's Rescue is a 1994 children's book by Malka Drucker and Michael Halperin based on a true story that takes place in Warsaw, Poland during the holocaust.

Jadwiżyn

Jadwiżyn, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Jan Latosz

While most of the academy approved of the reform plan, Latosz presented a different solution through his old acquaintance Alberto Cardinal Bolognetti, former Papal nuncio to Poland in the times of king Stephen Bathory.

Katarzynowo

Katarzynowo, Rawicz County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Kaźmierzewo

Kaźmierzewo, Włocławek County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Koszanowo

Koszanowo, Szamotuły County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

La Caixa

At the end of 2007, La Caixa had 5,480 branches, of which 5,468 are located throughout Spain and two operating abroad (Warsaw, Poland and Bucharest, Romania), and 10 representative offices in Germany, Belgium, China, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal and the United Kingdom.

Law enforcement in Poland

In Poland, the national police service Policja is directly responsible to the central government, and whilst it operates with an organisational structure that allows voivodeship commands to exist, the regional authorities do not have any major say in law enforcement policy, and cannot affect the day-to-day operations of their local force.

Lomno

Łomno, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, a village in the Starachowice County in southeastern Poland

Marina Shainova

At the 2006 European Championships in Władysławowo, Poland she won gold in the Women's 58 kg with 237 kg in total, breaking three European records.

Niklas Frank

Niklas Frank (born 9 March 1939) is a German author and journalist best known for writing a book which denounced his father Hans Frank (a German lawyer who was executed after being found guilty at the Nuremberg trials for his actions, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, arising from his involvement with the Nazi party and as Governor-General of occupied Poland during World War II).

Owieczki

Owieczki, Oborniki County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Piaskowo

Piaskowo, Gmina Szamotuły in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Polish Central Archives of Historical Records

Central Archives of Historical Records (Polish: Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych) in Warsaw is one of the four national archives of Poland.

Prochy

Prochy, Wąbrzeźno County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Rise of nationalism in Europe

The Polish attempts to win independence from Russia had previously proved to be unsuccessful, with Poland being the only country in Europe whose autonomy was gradually limited rather than expanded throughout the 19th century, as a punishment for the failed uprisings; in 1831 Poland lost its status as a formally independent state and was merged into Russia as a real union country and in 1867 she became nothing more than just another Russian province.

Simon Schama's Power of Art

It aired in Poland on TVP2 in February and March 2008, on PBS in the US and re -broadcast in September 2008 on TVOntario in Canada, ABC1 in Australia, Australia Network in the Asia-Pacific region, TV ONE in New Zealand and on ET1 in Greece.

Słupy

Słupy, Nakło County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Sokratis Papastathopoulos

He became the first player to be sent off at UEFA Euro 2012 during the opening game of the tournament against co-hosts Poland, after receiving two yellow cards, following what pundits decried as two poor decisions by the referee Carlos Velasco Carballo.

Susumu Kobayashi

He scored a total of 577 targets in the preliminary rounds of the men's 10 m air pistol, by four points ahead of Poland's Wojciech Knapik from the final attempt, finishing only in twenty-third place.

Tadeusz Nalepa

Tadeusz Nalepa (26 August 1943 in Zgłobień, Poland – 4 March 2007, Warsaw) – was a Polish composer, guitar player, vocalist, and lyricist.

Troszyn

Troszyn, Kamień County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Trzęsacz

Trzęsacz, Choszczno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

VH1 Europe

Though produced in Warsaw (Poland), VH1 Europe broadcasts from MTV Networks Europe's premises in Camden Town (London, UK) to the whole continent of Europe, covering also the Middle East, South Africa and parts of Northern Africa.

Warszawa Wschodnia railway station

It is now considered the worst railway station in Poland, according to Gazeta Wyborcza which gave it last place in the ranking of 23 most significant Polish railway stations.

Weinfeld

Yocheved Weinfeld (born 1947), a Poland-born Israeli female painter

West Belarus

The borders of the BSSR were again altered somewhat after the war (notably the area around the city of Białystok (Belastok Voblast was returned to Poland) but in general they coincide with the borders of the modern Republic of Belarus.

Wielkopolski

There is also another Polish warmblood breed, the Małopolski, bred in the region of Małopolska ("Little Poland") in the south of the country (around Kraków).

Wolkowo

Wolkowo, Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)