X-Nico

unusual facts about amino acid



CCL14

It is produced as a protein precursor that is processed to generate a mature active protein containing 74 amino acids that and is 46% identical in amino acid composition to CCL3 and CCL4.

Chlorotoxin

Chlorotoxin is a 36-amino acid peptide found in the venom of the deathstalker scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) which blocks small-conductance chloride channels.

Creatinine

Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine (guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-adenosyl methionine.

Cyclic di-GMP

These proteins typically have a characteristic GGDEF motif, which refers to a conserved sequence of five amino acids.

Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis

The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone and an azlactone.

Guanosine pentaphosphate

(p)ppGpp, guanosine pentaphosphate or tetraphosphate is an alarmone which is involved in the stringent response in bacteria, causing the inhibition of RNA synthesis when there is a shortage of amino acids present.

Marianne Grunberg-Manago

Almost immediately, Marshall Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthaei put it to use to form the first three-nucleotide RNA codons, which coded for the amino acid phenylalanine.

Molecular clock

The notion of the existence of a so-called "molecular clock" was first attributed to Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling who, in 1962, noticed that the number of amino acid differences in hemoglobin between different lineages changes roughly linearly with time, as estimated from fossil evidence.

Position weight matrix

A PWM has one row for each symbol of the alphabet: 4 rows for nucleotides in DNA sequences or 20 rows for amino acids in protein sequences.

Sequence logo

In bioinformatics, a sequence logo is a graphical representation of the sequence conservation of nucleotides (in a strand of DNA/RNA) or amino acids (in protein sequences).

Sørensen formol titration

The Sørensen formol titration invented by S. P. L. Sørensen in 1907 is a titration of an amino acid with formaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydroxide.

Steroid Delta-isomerase

Low-barrier hydrogen bonds and unusual pKa values for the catalytic residues have been proposed as the basis for the fast action of KSI.


see also

2CBCB-NBOMe

2CBCB-NBOMe (NBOMe-TCB-2) is a compound indirectly derived from the phenethylamine series of hallucinogens, which was discovered in 2007 at Purdue University as part of the ongoing research program of the team led by David Nichols focusing on the mapping of the specific amino acid residues responsible for ligand binding to the receptor.

Adenylate kinase

Enhanced growth and elevated photosynthetic amino acid is associated with plastidial adenylate kinase deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor

An aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor (synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, DDCI and AAADI) is a drug which inhibits the synthesis of dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD, or DOPA decarboxylase, DDC).

BAG2

All the BAG proteins have an approximately 45-amino acid BAG domain near the C terminus but differ markedly in their N-terminal regions.

C10H7NO3

Kynurenic acid, a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan

Discovery and development of triptans

The binding of Phe and the triptan is caused by π stacking interactions of the indole and amino acid and an additional effect on this interaction is because of dispersive effect of amino acid leucine (Leu)(not shown in figure 2).

GLN

Glutamine, the most abundant naturally occurring amino acid in the human body

Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2) is a 33-amino acid proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine cells.

Hip fracture

Homocysteine, a toxic 'natural' amino acid linked to the cause of heart disease,

IGFBP7 RNA editing

Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a 282 amino acid long protein encoded by the IGFBP7 gene.

J. Heinrich Matthaei

Whilst a post-doctoral visitor in the laboratory of Marshall Warren Nirenberg at the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland, he discovered that a synthetic RNA polynucleotide, composed of a repeating uridylic acid residue, coded for a polypeptide chain encoding just one kind of amino acid, phenylalanine.

Margaret Oakley Dayhoff

The one-letter code used for amino acids was developed by her, reflecting an attempt to reduce the size of the data files used to describe amino acid sequences in an era of punch-card computing.

Frederick Sanger's determination of the first complete amino acid sequence of a protein (insulin) in 1955, led a number of researchers to sequence various proteins from different species.

McDonald–Kreitman test

In 1991, John H. McDonald and Martin Kreitman derived the McDonald–Kreitman test while performing an experiment with Drosophila (fruit flies) and their differences in amino acid sequence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene.

MKX

MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

The MEN1 gene consists of ten exons, spanning about 10 kb, and encodes a 610 amino acid protein named menin.

Nesiritide

Nesiritide (Natrecor) is the recombinant form of the 32 amino acid human B-type natriuretic peptide, which is normally produced by the ventricular myocardium.

Peter Riederer

Riederer has received 14 international awards and was sitting in the editorial and advisory boards of various peer-reviewed scientific journals including Journal of Neural Transmission, Amino Acid, New Trends in Clinical Neuropharmacology, Biogenic Amines, Functional Neurology, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research, Neuropsychobiologie, Parkionsonism & Related Disorders.

Plant peptide hormone

ENOD40 — is an early nodulin gene, hence ENOD, that putatively encodes two small peptides, one of 12 and the other of 18 amino acid residues.

SETDB1

The SET domain is a highly conserved, approximately 150-amino acid motif implicated in the modulation of chromatin structure.

Signal peptide peptidase

A nine amino acid-long cleavage fragment is then presented on HLA-E receptors and modulates the activity of natural killer cells.

Sin Nombre virus

Interestingly, when the prototype sequence (NMH15) of SNV detected in tissues from an HPS case was compared with the sequence of the SNV isolate (NMR11; isolated in Vero E6 cells from Peromyscus maniculatus trapped in the residence of the same case), only 16 nucleotide changes were found, and none of these changes resulted in alterations in amino acid sequences of viral proteins.

Spider toxin

A representative of this group is hanatoxin, a 35 amino acid peptide toxin which was isolated from Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea, syn. G. spatulata) venom.

Steven Clarke

He was also an NIH fellow in the laboratory of Peter Mitchell at Glynn Research Laboratories in Bodmin, England studying mitochondrial amino acid transport.

Streptomycetaceae

The enzyme PBGD contains a 4 amino acid insertion which is present in all Streptomyces species and Kitasatospora setae, but not any other Actinobacteria.

UGG

Tryptophan, an essential amino acid in the human diet (mRNA genetic code)

Zentrum

Zentrum, a brand name for the amino acid Arginine 1200 mg.