X-Nico

44 unusual facts about Prussia


Alf Lüdtke

His article describes the idea that state violence under the feudal system was necessary to create a control amongst the Prussian working class in order to prepare them for the different structure of capitalist society.

Amlishagen Castle

The castle was finally bought by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher the Prussian Generalfeldmarschall who led his army against Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813 and at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 with the Duke of Wellington.

André Lichnerowicz

His grandfather fought in the Polish resistance against the Prussians.

Balkan League

Bulgaria then turned to the more direct method of expansion through winning a war, building a large army for that purpose and started to see itself as the "Prussia of the Balkans".

Bowman Malcolm

Two-cylinder von Borries compound locomotives had been performing sterling service on express trains in Prussia.

Budjak

Budjak was also home to a number of ethnic Germans known as Bessarabian Germans, originally from Württemberg and Prussia, who settled the region in the early 19th century, after it became part of the Russian Empire.

Charles Cornwallis Chesney

And in the Waterloo Lectures the Prussians are for the first time credited by an English pen with their proper share in the victory.

Chief fireman

In imperial Prussia, the title was known as brandmeister (from German Brand - "fire" and Meister - literally "master") and was the police officer, the chief of one of city fire-fighting crews.

Council of Pisa

In fact the Pisan pope was acknowledged by the majority of the Church, i.e. by France, England, Portugal, Bohemia, Prussia, a few countries of Germany, Italy, and the County of Venaissin, while Naples, Poland, Bavaria, and part of Germany continued to obey Gregory, and Spain and Scotland remained subject to Benedict.

Divorce

The Enlightened absolutist, King Frederick II ("the Great") of Prussia enshrined a new divorce law in 1752, in which marriage was declared to be a purely private concern, allowing divorce to be granted on the basis of mutual consent.

Earl of Malmesbury

The son of the grammarian and politician James Harris, he served as Ambassador to Spain, Prussia, Russia and France and also represented Christchurch in the House of Commons.

Emile Wauters

He received the Order of Merit of Prussia, and is Commander of the Order of Leopold, and of that of St. Michael of Bavaria, Officer of the Légion d'honneur, among other awards.

Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

Bismarck did this because the duke had never formally renounced his claims to the kingdom of Hanover, which had been annexed to Prussia in 1866 following the end of the Austro-Prussian War (Hanover had sided with losing Austria).

Germany–Greece relations

Greece and Prussia established diplomatic relations in 1834, the same year both countries exchanged embassies.

Germany–Holy See relations

In the mid-19th century, the Catholic Church was also seen as a political power, even in Protestant Prussia, exerting a strong influence on a fourth of the people.

Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin

The Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin (literally, lawless' Society as it had no internal rules), is a social society founded in Berlin in 1809 in the aftermath of the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt to press for the reform of Prussian government and society.

Government Delegation for Poland

The Bureau's main task was to document the Polish claims on German lands east of the Oder river and the area of Prussia as well as planning of their post-war development.

Hanoverian prince

Despite Hanover's annexation by Prussia in 1866, male-line descendants of George III continue to style themselves as a prince or princess of Hanover.

Heinrich Alexander von Arnim

On the same day he took office as Foreign Minister of Prussia in the government that was led first by Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, then by Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen; this government already resigned on 20 June, however.

Imperial Glory

Imperial Glory is set in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era, between 1789 and 1815, and allows the player to choose one of the great empires of the age–Great Britain, France, Austria, Russia or Prussia–on their quest of conquering Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.

Jagiellonian University Medical College

The final Partition of Poland among Prussia, Russia and Austria in 1795 heralded a difficult period in which the fate of the University depended on European political alliances.

Jakob Salomon Bartholdy

Jakob Ludwig Salomon Bartholdy (May 13, 1779 – July 27, 1825) was a Prussian diplomat, born Jakob Salomon in Berlin of Jewish parentage, and educated at the University of Halle.

Joe Gaetjens

His great-grandfather Thomas, a native of Bremen, had been sent to Haiti by Frederick William III, the King of Prussia, as a business emissary.

Johann Georg Ziesenis

On behalf of Duchess Philippine Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, the sister of King Frederick II of Prussia, he had the opportunity to make a portrait of the regent in the period from 17 to 20 June 1763 at Castle Salzdahlum.

Kaiser-Walzer

The waltz was originally titled Hand in Hand and was intended as a toast made in August of that year by Austrian emperor Franz Josef on the occasion of his visit to the German Kaiser Wilhelm II where it was symbolic as a 'toast of friendship' extended by Austria to Germany.

Kaliopa House

According to a legend, the house was bestowed upon the beautiful Kaliopa (born Maria Kalish), the wife of the Prussian consul Kalish, by the governor of the Danubian Vilayet, Midhat Pasha, who was in love with her.

Kornel Ujejski

Ujejski was involved in Poland's struggle for independence after it had been partitioned and erased from the map of Europe by neighbouring countries (Russian Empire, Prussia and Austrian Empire).

La Terre

The war with Prussia had just broken out, and Jean, disgusted with his life, again enlisted in the service of his country.

Legend of the Galactic Heroes

Within the Galactic Empire, based on mid 19th century Prussia, an ambitious military genius, Reinhard von Müsel, is rising to power.

Leichhardt Highway

It is named after Prussian explorer Ludwig Leichhardt who travelled a route in the 19th Century that roughly parallels today's highway.

Lord John series

Set in 1758, the story finds Lord John in Prussia serving as the English liaison officer to the First Regiment of Hanoverian Foot.

Louis Gurlitt

Being from Holsten he chose the German side in the conflicts in 1848 and 1864, when Prussia won the war and Schleswig-Holstein which was under the reign of the Danish king.

Marianne Kirchgessner

After that she traveled throughout Europe for ten years, visiting Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin, Hamburg and Magdeburg, playing four times at the Prussian court for King Friedrich Wilhelm II in Berlin.

Marie-Luise Gothein

Marie-Luise Gothein (1863–1931) was a Prussian scholar, gardener and author.

Musket Model 1777

7 million muskets were produced, including variants 1800 (an IX), 1816 and 1822, but not including muskets like the Austrian 1798 or the Prussian 1809, which were mere clones of the French 1777.

Oxapampa

In March 1857 a group of 300 Tyrolean and Prussian settlers, consisting mainly of poor peasant families and couples who weren't allowed to marry in their home countries, boarded the “Norton” to go to Peru.

Pontine Marshes

Near the end of the 19th century, a Prussian officer, Major Fedor Maria von Donat (1847–1919), had an idea; he would build a channel that followed the base of the mountains, cutting through a sand dune at Terracina.

Rosthern Junior College

Many came from Manitoba, but others arrived directly from colonies in Russia, from the Danzig region of Prussia and from Kansas, Nebraska and Minnesota where they had settled in the 1870s.

Rudolf Diels

He joined the Prussian interior ministry in 1930 and was promoted to an advisory position in the Prussian police in 1932, targeting political radicals, both Communists and Nazis.

Siegfried Dehn

Dehn threw himself into cataloging the collection, bringing it into order and adding to it copiously from libraries all over Prussia.

Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk

This unusual "contract" shows that Sir John must already have acquired a solid reputation as a fighter, perhaps in Prussia or Spain or even both, some time before 1371, when it was made.

Sweden–Ukraine relations

Finally an agreement was signed between Sweden and three Ukrainian commanders (Ivan Bohun, the leader of the Ukrainian Protestants Yuri Nemyrych and Ivan Kovalivsky) on 6 October 1657 in Korsun where Sweden acknowledged the Ukrainian borders all the way to Wisła in the west and Prussia in the north.

Virman Vundabar

He models his personality and schemes on Prussian military appearance and precision partly because of the Earth-based name assigned to him by Granny.

William Losh

In addition to being an alkali manufacturer he worked as a colliery agent and as consul for Prussia, the Scandinavian countries and, later, for Turkey.


Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein

He was Lord Chamberlain for two crown princes, became in 1710 Imperial Count (Reichsgraf) of the Holy Roman Empire and Count (Graf) in Prussia after the Battle of Malplaquet in which he successfully led the Prussian forces under Prince Eugene.

Alexandra of Glucksburg

Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1887–1957), wife of Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia

Battle of Hennersdorf

The Battle of Hennersdorf, sometimes referred to as Catholic-Hennersdorf, was a minor encounter that took place on November 23, 1745 in Katholisch-Hennersdorf in Silesia (Prussia, present-day Poland) during the War of the Austrian Succession.

Berlin, Wisconsin

It was named Berlin after the capital of Prussia, now the capital of Germany.

Bernhard Rode

His paintings include several works depicting, in various guises, the King of Prussia Frederick the Great, who ruled the Prussia during much of Rode's lifetime.

Bundesstraße 1

From the late 18th century onwards, parts of the route were rebuilt as a chaussee, mainly in the area between Aachen and Jülich as well as on the nearby territory of the County of Mark, promoted by the Brandenburg-Prussian administration under Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein.

Christoph Hartknoch

Hartknoch's extensive scientific body of works contributed greatly to knowledge of Prussia, Pomerania, Samogitia, Courland, and Poland.

Dillinger Hütte

These developments brought the factory to the forefront as Prussia's largest black and tin plate producer.

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Her niece Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, daughter of Duke Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, married Frederick William III of Hohenzollern in 1793 and became queen consort of Prussia in 1797.

Duchy of Oldenburg

In 1937 (with the Greater Hamburg Act), it lost the exclave districts of Eutin near the Baltic coast and Birkenfeld in southwestern Germany to Prussia and gained the City of Wilhelmshaven; however, this was a formality, as the Hitler régime had de facto abolished the federal states in 1934.

Elbing, Kansas

The railroad wanted to call the town Regier but Mr. Regier suggested three other possibilities: Elbing, Danzig and Marienburg, all cities in Prussia where he had lived.

Emilie Snethlage

Maria Emilie Snethlage was born in Kraatz (now part of Gransee) in the Province of Brandenburg, Prussia, and educated privately at her father's house (Rev. Emil Snethlage).

Erwin Planck

In August 1939, a group including Prussian Finance Minister Johannes Popitz, Planck, and Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht approached General Georg Thomas, head of the Defence Economy and Armament Office asking him to do something to thwart the outbreak of the forthcoming war.

François Hotman

His fame was such that overtures were made to him by the courts of Prussia and Hesse, and by Elizabeth I of England.

Gustaf Douglas

Gustaf Archibald Siegwart Douglas (born 3 March 1938) is the oldest son of count Carl Ludvig Douglas (26 July 1908 Stjärnorp - 21 January 1961 Rio de Janeiro), a Swedish nobleman and diplomat who was Royal Swedish Ambassador to Brazil, and his Prussian wife Ottora Maria Haas-Heye (13 February 1910 Partenkirchen - 17 July 2001).

Hans Rosenberg

His work identified in the power structures and social relations of agrarian society in Prussia the roots of the authoritarian and undemocratic character of what he, with others, took to be the Sonderweg, or special path of modern German history.

Iron armour

One well known example of cast-iron armour for land use is the Gruson turret, first tested by the Prussian government in 1868.

Jean-Baptiste Bernard Viénot de Vaublanc

Nevertheless, Jean-Baptiste makes it to Gambinen in Prussia, near Vilnius, Lithuania, before finally succumbing to the ravages of war.

Joakim Stulić

His search for a sponsor and printer then took him to Bohemia, Saxony and Prussia.

Johann Baptist Alzog

He defended with ardour the Archbishop of that city, Martin von Dunin, during his persecution by the Prussian government, became vicar-capitular, professor and regens at Hildesheim in 1845, and in 1853 was appointed to the chair of Church History in the University of Freiburg (Breisgau); at the same time he was appointed an ecclesiastical councillor (geistlicher Rat).

Kehdingen

Until 1932 there was a Prussian district known as Land Kehdingen, and until 1975 there was an Evangelical-Lutheran parish of Kehdingen with its base in Drochtersen, which was absorbed on 1 January 1976 into the parish of Stade.

Klara Löbenstein

Löbenstein was born in Hildesheim, Prussia on February 15, 1883 to merchant Lehmann Löbenstein and his wife Sofie (née Schönfeld).

La Belle Alliance

Blücher, the Prussian commander, suggested that the battle should be remembered as la Belle Alliance, to commemorate the European Seventh Coalition of Britain, Russia, Prussia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, and a number of German States which had all joined the coalition to defeat the French Emperor.

Landkreis Kolberg-Körlin

After Prussia was effectively absorbed into the Third Reich following the Preußenschlag, Prussia and its districts, like all other German states under Hitler, was stripped of all genuine powers and were reduced to mere administrative units.

Melbourne Hebrew Congregation

The 1850s saw the arrival of some 300 Jewish families from London and the Province of Posen, Prussia to Melbourne, prompting the construction of a new larger synagogue on the Bourke Street site.

Military tradition

In Prussia and the German Empire, states relied on their own history as a state rather than as a regiment, while some specific regiments within elite formations did maintaining unit histories.

Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania

After the war, the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia succeeded the Griffin dukes in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and divided it in the Treaty of Stettin (1653) into a Swedish Pomerania and a Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania.

Paul Wolff Metternich

Paul Graf Wolff Metternich zur Gracht (December 5, 1853 - 1934) was a Prussian and German ambassador in London (1901-1912) and Constantinople (1915-1916).

Princess Louise of Schleswig-Holstein

Princess Louise Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1866-1952), daughter of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, wife of Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia

Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

She was born as Countess Rosita in Madrid, Spain, the younger daughter of Count Carl Douglas (1908-1961), a Swedish nobleman and diplomat who was Royal Swedish Ambassador to Brazil, and his Prussian wife Ottora Maria Haas-Heye (1910-2001), maternal granddaughter of Philip, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, by his wife Augusta, countess Sandels.

Royal Hanoverian State Railways

The Göttingen–Arenshausen and NortheimEllrich lines were not completed until after the transfer of the Hanoverian State Railways to Prussia after the War of 1866.

Rudolf Diels

Göring was made minister for Prussia in 1933, replacing Carl Severing, and was impressed with Diels' work and new-found commitment to the Nazi Party.

Santa Isabel, Espírito Santo

As part of this program the first 39 families from North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate (then known as Rheinpreussen in German or Prússia Renana in Portuguese, today those names are only historical), arrived to Vitória on the 21 of December 1846, first they settled in Viana but in 1857 most families followed on to found Santa Isabel Colony in the 27th of January 1857.

Sehestedt

In the course of the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon, the Battle of Sehested was fought here between Danish forces and a coalition of Sweden, Prussia and Russia on 10 December 1813.

SMS Scharnhorst

The ship was named after the Prussian reformer General Gerhard von Scharnhorst and commissioned into service on 24 October 1907.

St. Nicholas Cathedral, Elbląg

Following King Sigismund III's Prussian regency contract (1605) with Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg and his Prussian enfeoffment contract (Treaty of Warsaw, 1611) with John Sigismund of Brandenburg these two rulers of Ducal Prussia guaranteed free practice of Catholic religion in prevailingly Lutheran Prussia.

Treaty of Sistova

With the Turkish war ended, Austria joined with Prussia in the Declaration of Pillnitz on August 27.

Vasily Blyukher

Despite his German surname, he was not of German descent as is sometimes written: the name was given to his family by a 19th-century landlord after a famous Prussian Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

Vincent, Count Benedetti

In 1866 the Austro-Prussian War broke out, and during the critical weeks which followed the attempt of Napoleon to intervene between Prussia and Austria, he accompanied the Prussian headquarters in the advance on Vienna, and during a visit to Vienna he helped to arrange the preliminaries of the armistice signed at Nikolsburg.

Vladas Žulkus

Two years later together with Alvydas Nikžentaitis he founded Centre of History of Western Lithuania and Prussia (from 2003 - Institute of Baltic Sea Region History and Archaeology) and Historical Department at Klaipėda University.

War of the First Coalition

These powers initiated a series of invasions of France by land and sea, with Prussia and Austria attacking from the Austrian Netherlands and the Rhine, and Great Britain supporting revolts in provincial France and laying siege to Toulon.

William Rosenau

William Rosenau (1865, Wollstein, Province of Posen, Prussia - 1943, United States) was a leader of Reform Judaism in the beginning of the twentieth century in the United States.

Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki

Polish forces, 15,000 strong, were defeated by a combined Prussian and Russian army, some 27,000 strong.

Zorndorf

Battle of Zorndorf, fought there in 1758 between Prussia and Russia during the Seven Years' War